My introduction with machine learning came from these two MOOC courses. Below are the assignments and topics from each one of the courses.
The topics covered were:
Linear Regression (with one variable in Week 1, with multiple variables in Week 2)
Logistic Regression / Regularization
Neural Networks
Machine Learning System Design
Support Vector Machines
Unsupervised Learning / Dimensionality Reduction
Anomaly Detection / Recommender Systems
Large Scale Machine Learning
Intro to Machine Learning on Udacity
Navies Bayes
Support Vector Machines
Decision Trees
Regressions
Outliers
Clustering
Text Learning
PCA